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Chapter 174 Late Ming and Early Qing

During a grand banquet, the enemy attacked. Qin Liangyu and her husband took the lead in attacking and repelling the enemy. Then they pursued the enemy and successively broke through 7 camps including Jinzhu Pass, and defeated Yang Yinglong's rebels. Qin Liangyu was the first to achieve the credit.

But after Yang Yinglong was defeated and killed, Qin Liangyu was unwilling to protect her military achievements. In 1613, Ma Qiancheng was framed by the eunuch Qiu Chengzhong and died of illness in prison.

After her husband's death, Qin Liangyu did not choose to retire, but took over Ma Qiancheng's position and officially embarked on a more legendary life of conquest as a chieftain. Qin Liangyu was loyal to the emperor and patriotic. She set out from Sichuan three times and traveled thousands of miles to the north to fight against the Qing Dynasty.

In 1621, the Later Jin Dynasty surrounded the important city of Shenyang, and Qin Liangyu's family of two generations of four shed blood on the battlefield. In the bloody battle with the Qing army in Hunhe, her eldest brother Qin Bangping died on the battlefield.

In the early days of Qin Liangyu's breakout, she led 3000 soldiers to fight hard in the battle of Yuguan. She did not harm anyone in the places she passed. Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty issued an edict to give Qin Liangyu the clothes of a second-rank official, and conferred the title of Imperial Concubine on Qin Liangyu, and conferred the title of Commander on Qin Liangyu's son Ma Xianglin.

The second time was in 1629, when Huang Taiji led his army to attack Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan was arrested and imprisoned, and the capital was in turmoil. Qin Liangyu was ordered to enter Beijing again and stationed troops in Sichuanying Hutong, Xuanwu District, which became an insurmountable obstacle for the Qing army.

If you go to Sichuanying Hutong in Xuanwumen, north of Beijing, you can still see 12 large characters engraved on the door: "The site of the garrison of Qin Shaobao, a great figure in the world of ladies."

The third time was in 1630, when the Qing army launched a massive attack and the four cities of Yongping fell. After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, the court issued an edict to the whole country, and Qin Liangyu took out all the property in her family as military pay, and traveled day and night to rush to the capital again.

At this time, Qin Liangyu was already very famous, and even Huang Taiji did not dare to underestimate her. He sent out the most elite troops led by his capable general Dorgon. Qin Liangyu also knew how powerful the Jin cavalry was, so she made a strict plan, and after a few rounds, most of the Qing cavalry was lost.

The veteran general Dorgon only realized how powerful his opponent was after actually fighting with him. Knowing he was no match for his opponent, he quickly got his bride and withdrew his troops and returned to the camp.

Qin Liangyu won a great victory and Huang Taiji's entire army was defeated. Emperor Zhu Youjian issued a special edict to praise her, summoned Qin Liangyu to the platform, and wrote four poems to commend Qin Liangyu's contributions.

There are so many extraordinary men in the world, who are willing to travel thousands of miles on the battlefield. But at this time, the Ming Dynasty was already in internal and external troubles, and was in crisis. In 1634 AD, the Qing army had just retreated, and Zhang Xianzhong led his troops to revolt again.

Qin Liangyu did not shirk her responsibility. Zhang Xianzhong had heard of her bravery and fled without a fight when he heard that Qin Liangyu had arrived with her army. Qin Liangyu led her army in pursuit, and together with her son Ma Xianglin, who had just returned from the army, attacked Zhang Xianzhong from front and back, defeating him and forcing him to retreat.

Then Zhang Xianzhong was recruited by the imperial court. In 1640, Zhang Xianzhong rebelled again, and Qin Liangyu stepped forward again, defeating the enemy troops in Liuma Ya, Tanjiaping, and Beishan Xinsi Li.

However, just when Qin Liangyu was winning victory after victory, Zhang Xianzhong suffered heavy losses, and the situation was getting better and better, Yang Sichang, who had just taken office, overestimated his own capabilities, underestimated Zhang Xianzhong's army, and sent it into Sichuan to encircle and annihilate it.

However, due to insufficient manpower and being outnumbered, the Ming Dynasty's outstanding general Fu Zonglong was shot dead by Zhang Xianzhong's subordinates, and the Bai family army of the Ming Dynasty lost most of its troops.

Facing the relentless pressure from Zhang Xianzhong, Qin Liangyu was once again pushed to the forefront. Due to the heavy losses of the army, in order to regroup, Qin Liangyu paid half of the military pay, and the court only needed to pay the other half, and asked Shao Jiechun to send 2 troops for emergency.

However, Shao Jiechun was not on good terms with Yang Sichang, and there was no ready-made grain in the warehouse, so he repeatedly refused to help. Since then, Qin Liangyu's power has been greatly reduced.

In 1643, Zhang Xianzhong captured Wuchang and invaded Sichuan again. The Qing army pursued the victory and the situation in Sichuan was critical. Governor Chen Shiqi suggested sending troops to garrison 13 passes, but Chen Shiqi did not adopt it. Qin Liangyu then went to Xu An and Liu Zhibo. Although Liu Zhibo agreed with Qin Liangyu's plan, he had no troops to send.

In 1644, Zhang Xianzhong led his army to attack Kuizhou again. Qin Liangyu led the army to rescue, but was outnumbered. After Zhang Xianzhong captured Chengdu, Qin Liangyu said to her subordinates: "My two brothers died in the battlefield. I am a woman who has received favors for 20 years. How dare I stand against the enemy?" So Qin Liangyu divided her troops to garrison in Shizhu. Zhang Xianzhong tried to persuade Sichuan chieftains to surrender everywhere, but he did not dare to come to Shizhu.

In 1646, the Longwu Emperor Zhu Youjian, who was far away in Fujian, sent an envoy to Shizhu to confer Qin Liangyu the title of Grand Tutor and Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, and the title of Marquis of Loyalty. At the same time, the Yongli Emperor Zhu Youlang, who was in the southwest, also conferred Qin Liangyu the title of Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, and appointed her as the Zhaowu Envoy of Sichuan. Two years later, Qin Liangyu died of illness at the age of 75.

In the history books of every dynasty, famous women were recorded in the Biographies of Heroines, and Qin Liangyu is the only heroine in history who was recorded as a famous general of the dynasty and included in the official biographies of generals and ministers.

——"Her daughter-in-law was also a fierce person, but because she was outnumbered, she was eventually surrounded and annihilated."

——"Qin Liangyu is 1.86 meters tall. I'm shocked."

——"She is the only woman in history to be granted a title of nobility."

——"An indispensable character in novels of the late Ming Dynasty, an absolute big shot."

[Understand the life of Huang Taiji, the founding emperor of the Qing Empire, in one breath. Huang Taiji, the history of the Qing Dynasty]

He was the founding emperor of the Qing Empire, who conquered the Joseon Dynasty and made the Ming Dynasty powerless, making the descendants of Genghis Khan submit to him. At the same time, he was also a famous wife-loving maniac, and ascended the throne through election.

He is Aixinjuelu Huang Taiji. So how did Huang Taiji rise to power? How did he evolve into the Qing Empire in the later period? This video will take us into the life of Huang Taiji, the Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty.

Huang Taiji was born in 1592, the eighth son of Nurhaci, and was loved by his father. He was very smart and proficient in riding and shooting since he was young. Because his father and elder brother were busy fighting all year round, Huang Taiji, at the age of 7, began to take charge of household affairs, and he did it in an orderly manner.

After his mother's death, Huang Taiji followed his father and brother and began to grow up rapidly, and soon became a heroic young man who was both literary and martial. At that time, Nurhaci and Ulanara had the eldest son Chu Ying and the fourth son Daishan. Nurhaci wanted to follow the Han system and make Chu Ying his heir, but he felt that Chu Ying was narrow-minded since childhood and was not a suitable candidate for succession.

Later, just as Nurhaci worried, Chu Ying's relationship with his four brothers and ministers became very tense. Chu Ying forced them to swear to oppose Nurhaci, so Huang Taiji and others reported Chu Ying to Nurhaci. In 1613, Nurhaci imprisoned Chu Ying and executed him two years later. He then established the Eight Banners system and appointed Huang Taiji to be in charge of the Plain White Banner.

After Chu Ying died, Daishan became the first beile in charge of the Zhenghong Banner and Xianghong Banner. However, Daishan had an unclear relationship with his stepmother Ulanara, and was reported by Nurhaci's concubine. As a result, Daishan lost his position as heir and turned to support Huang Taiji, with whom he had a good relationship.

In 1616, Nurhaci established the Later Jin Dynasty and called himself the wise Khan who nurtured all nations. He named the great beile Amin, Manggurtai and Huang Taiji as the four great beiles. Huang Taiji was the youngest, so he was called the fourth beile.

Later, Nurhaci also conferred the title of beile on Jirgalang, Dorgon and Dodo, and stipulated that all military and national affairs must be discussed by the eight beile together. This is the Eight Kings Deliberation System.

After Nurhaci's sudden death in 1626, the Jin regime faced a turning point of life and death. Either it would perish in internal strife like those small separatist dynasties in history, or it would continue to expand on the basis of Nurhaci's legacy. Duoduo, the youngest of the eight beiles, persuaded his father Daishan to support Huang Taiji, the fourth beile. Daishan agreed, and at Daishan's suggestion, the beiles nominated the 35-year-old Huang Taiji as the new Khan.

Although Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he had to share power with his brothers, and even when he went to court, he had to accept congratulations with the other three beiles. Not only that, even the Eight Banners did not belong to Huang Taiji alone.

As the Khan, he sometimes could not even command them. In addition, the late Qing Dynasty also faced serious external threats. The Ming Dynasty, Mongolia, and Korea surrounded the late Qing Dynasty.

Huang Taiji pretended to negotiate peace with the Ming Dynasty and took advantage of the Ming Dynasty's relaxation to invade Korea. Korea was unable to resist the Later Jin Dynasty and was forced to sign a humiliating treaty with the Later Jin Dynasty. Korea remained a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty, but had to pay tribute to the Later Jin Dynasty every year.

After temporarily breaking the Korean Peninsula, Huang Taiji went straight to Jinzhou with great momentum. A year ago, Nurhaci was defeated by Yuan Chonghuan and died with hatred.

A year later, Huang Taiji suffered another setback from Yuan Chonghuan. The Later Jin cavalry wanted to defeat the Ming army in the wilderness by taking advantage of their knights. Yuan Chonghuan also saw Huang Taiji's trick and did not rush to rescue Jinzhou. Instead, he stayed in Ningyuan and sent Zu Dashou and others to lead the army to rescue.

Seeing that Jinzhou could not be captured after a long siege, Huang Taiji led his troops to besiege Ningyuan. As a result, there were heavy casualties under the artillery fire of the Ming army. Huang Taiji had to withdraw to Shenyang and began to gradually resolve the internal problems of the Later Jin.

In order to strengthen the monarchy, Huang Taiji employed Han officials, translated Chinese classics, set up government offices modeled on the Central Plains system, appointed officials in charge of the affairs of the Eight Banners, and weakened the power of the Beile, who was his master.

Amin was imprisoned, Manggurtai was dismissed, and for the sake of reputation, only Daishan and Huang Taiji were left. Daishan took the initiative to no longer be on an equal footing with Huang Taiji, and Huang Taiji became the real Khan of the Later Jin Dynasty, laying the foundation for the establishment of an absolute monarchy.

Through several expeditions to the Mongols in the south of the desert, the Later Jin Dynasty eliminated the Chahar tribe directly under the Mongol Khan. Lin Danhan died of illness while fleeing, and the Mongolian tribes surrendered one after another. Huang Taiji also obtained the imperial seal of the Yuan Dynasty, the supreme treasure.

Since the death of Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming Dynasty had no good generals capable of guarding Liaodong. Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi surrendered to Huang Taiji one after another, greatly enhancing the strength of the Later Jin.

In 1636, the Mongolian tribes south of the desert respected Huang Taiji as Bogda Chechen Khan. Huang Taiji accepted the advice of the Manchu, Mongolian and Han ministers and officially proclaimed himself emperor, named the country Qing, and changed the reign to Chongde. He also made the three people who surrendered, Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi, kings.

After that, the Qing army entered the border of the Ming Dynasty many times to plunder, and even ran all the way to Changping, where the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs were located. The Ming Dynasty quickly mobilized troops from all over the country, and the Qing army turned south and continued to plunder in various counties and prefectures, leaving a mess behind before leaving. The following year, Huang Taiji personally led a second expedition to Korea, forcing Korea to officially become a vassal of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1640, the Qing army prepared to attack the Ningyuan and Jinzhou defense lines again. Huang Taiji learned from the lessons of previous failures and besieged Jinzhou for a week and then in batches. This protracted siege lasted for two years.

At this time, Huang Taiji's health was deteriorating, but he still went to the front line to fight. In 1642, more than 5 Ming soldiers were killed in the Battle of Songshan. Jinzhou, Tashan and Songshan were successively captured by the Qing army. Since then, the Ming army has no strength to fight.

However, Huang Taiji did not live to see the Qing Dynasty unify the world. In 1643, Huang Taiji died at the age of 52, and was posthumously named Taizong.

[The first regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dorgon, who held great power. Dorgon's Qing Dynasty history]

He was an orphan, but he grew up to be a powerful regent, led the Qing army into the pass and unified the country, but ended up with his body thrown into a grave. Why did Dorgon give up the throne that was within his grasp? Is his love story with Dayuer true or false? In this video, let us walk into Dorgon's life.

Dorgon was born in 1612. He was the 14th son of Nurhaci. He and Huang Taiji were half brothers. The name Dorgon means "Gou Huan" in Manchu.

It is worth mentioning that although Dorgon has always been called "Fourteenth Master" in the TV series, at that time he was actually called "Ninth Prince" among his brothers.

The so-called "Fourteenth Master" was actually a name used during the Qianlong period. Nurhaci was already over 50 years old when Dorgon was born. In 1626, the 15-year-old Dorgon, his brother Ajige and his cousin Jirgalang were named the Four Little Beiles, second only to the Four Great Beiles.

Not long after, Nurhaci died suddenly, and his wife Ulanara was forced to be buried alive with him, and Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne. At that time, Dorgon's biological mother, Abahai, was only 37 years old. Huang Taiji forced Abahai to be buried alive with him, which was a big blow to Dorgon.

From then on, he decided to make a career on his own. Huang Taiji, who had just succeeded to the throne, shared power with the other three great beiles, Daishan, Amin, and Manggurtai. In order to change this situation, Huang Taiji constantly improved the status of the four small beiles to counter the people of the big beile.

As one of the four little beiles, Dorgon also formed an alliance with Huang Taiji and gained Huang Taiji's trust. Dorgon was good at fighting and defeated the Ming army several times, making many military achievements.

In 1635, when Dorgon led his army to conquer the Chaer tribe, he obtained the imperial seal of the Yuan Dynasty, the highest treasure, and presented it to Huang Taiji. When Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor and changed the country's name to Qing, Dorgon, who was only 24 years old, was named Prince Heshuo Rui, second only to Daishan and Jirgalang.

Dorgon and his brother Dodo were in charge of the two white banners, and they were quite powerful. Due to the particularity of the Eight Banners system, the leaders of the Eight Banners, Beile, had considerable say.

Even as an emperor, Huang Taiji could only ask his brothers to support him, rather than submit to him. This also laid the groundwork for the internal strife after Huang Taiji's death.

In 1643, Huang Taiji died suddenly, and the newly born Qing Dynasty was caught in a crisis of internal strife for the throne. Huang Taiji did not designate a successor during his lifetime, but designated Jirgalang, Dorgon, Hauge and Ajigfu when he was dying.

This was actually imitating Nurhaci's system of eight kings' deliberation. As for who they would choose to be the emperor, it was not something Huang Taiji could control.